Lange was instrumental in developing the Akzidenz-Grotesk program at Berthold in the 1950s and 1960s. In 2001 Lange helped Berthold complete the AG series with the additions of AG light italic, Super Italic, light condensed, condensed, medium condensed, extrabold italic, light extended italic, extended italic and medium extended italic. Akzidenz-Grotesk is a grotesque which is earlier named as sans-serif typeface originally released by the Berthold Type Foundry in 1896 under the name Accidenz-Grotesk. The best website for free high-quality Akzidenz Grotesk BE fonts, with 24 free Akzidenz Grotesk BE fonts for immediate download, and 74 professional Akzidenz Grotesk BE fonts for the best price on the Web.
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Akzidenz-Grotesk is a sans-seriftypeface family originally released by the Berthold Type Foundry of Berlin.[2]Akzidenz indicates its intended use as a typeface for commercial, or 'occasional' or 'jobbing', print runs such as publicity, tickets and forms, as opposed to fine printing.[3][4][5]
Originating during the late nineteenth century, Akzidenz-Grotesk belongs to a tradition of general-purpose, unadorned sans serif types known as 'grotesques' that had become dominant in German printing during the nineteenth century, and became one of the most popular examples of this style.[6][7] Its simple, neutral design has influenced many later faces and became commonly used and influential as an element of the popular 'International' or 'Swiss' design style of the 1950s and 1960s.[8] It has sometimes been sold as Standard or Basic Commercial in English-speaking countries.[9][10]
Design characteristics[edit]
An American specimen of Akzidenz-Grotesk under the name 'Standard'. Variations between styles are obvious, such as a crossed-v 'w' in Extralight Extended, and a tail on the 'a' in Standard and Extended but not in Medium and Bold.
Digital variants of Akzidenz-Grotesk, showing the slight inconsistencies and idiosyncrasies between different weights and widths.
Like most sans-serifs, Akzidenz-Grotesk is 'monoline' in structure, with all strokes of the letter of similar width. This gives a sense of simplicity and an absence of the adornment and flourishes seen in many more decorative sans-serifs of the late nineteenth century influenced by the Art Nouveau style.[11] Modern type designer Martin Majoor has described the general design of Akzidenz-Grotesk and its ancestors as similar in letterforms to the Didone serif fonts that were standard printing types in the nineteenth century, such as Didot, Walbaum and their followers.[12] This is most visible in the quite folded-up apertures of letters such as âaâ and âcâ.[11][12] The capitals of Akzidenz-Grotesk are wide and relatively uniform in width.[6]
The 'g' of Akzidenz-Grotesk is a 'single-storey' design, like in many other German sans-serifs, but unlike the double-storey 'g' found in most serif faces and in many of the earliest sans-serifs that had a lower-case; sans-serif types first appeared in London, but became popular in Germany from the mid-nineteenth century onwards.[13][14][15]Walter Tracy describes this style of 'g' as a common feature in German sans-serifs of the period and apparently influenced by the tradition of blackletter, which uses a single-storey 'g' in upright composition.[11] Blackletter was still very popular for printing extended body text in Germany in the nineteenth century.
As is normal in typefaces cut during the metal type period, Akzidenz-Grotesk shows variation between sizes of metal type, with adaptation of letter-spacing and proportions to different sizes.[16][17] In addition, there is variation between weights: Karl Gerstner notes that even comparing one size (20pt), the medium and bold weights have different x-height, cap height and descender length to the light and regular weights.[16][17][a] This is common with nineteenth-century sans-serifs, which were often not designed with the intention of forming an extended family that would match together.[19] The differences in proportions between different sizes and weights of Akzidenz-Grotesk has led to a range of contemporary adaptations, reviving or modifying different aspects of the original design.
History[edit]
The release of Akzidenz-Grotesk was not well-documented in contemporary printing literature. However, it may be related to this shadowed sans-serif ('schattierte Grotesk') from Bauer & Co. of Stuttgart, reviewed in 1896.[20]
A 1905 advertisement for Berthold in a Swedish printing journal, offering Royal-Grotesk, later branded as the light weight of Akzidenz-Grotesk, for sale. The sans-serif type is used in a secondary role underneath a more decorative heading face.[21][b]
The influences, sources and engravers of Akzidenz-Grotesk are not fully known, although it descends from a school of general-purpose sans-serifs cut in the nineteenth century. Research is complicated by the very large number of small type foundries active in Germany during this period, which often did not publish extensive specimens.[23] Sans-serifs had become very popular in Germany by the late nineteenth century, with many type foundries offering different versions.[13] Berthold literature from the 1920s dated the design to 1898,[24][13][25] on April 28 of which the firm received for a patent on the family.[1]
It was claimed by Berthold's post-war artistic director Günter Gerhard Lange that a key source of Akzidenz-Grotesk was types from the Ferdinand Theinhardt type foundry.[26] This had been established by businessman and punchcutter Ferdinand Theinhardt, who was otherwise particularly famous for his scholarly endeavours in the field of hieroglyph and Syriac typefaces; he had sold the business in 1885.[27][28][29] Professor Indra Kupferschmid, who has researched the early use of sans-serifs in Germany, however reports that this cannot be a full explanation of the family's history: 'there must have been an Accidenz-Grotesk at Berthold before the acquisition of Theinhardtâs foundry in 1908.'[30][5][31][32] (Early references to Akzidenz-Grotesk at Berthold often use the alternative spelling 'Accidenz-Grotesk'.[5]) According to Eckehart Schumacher-Gebler and Kupferschmid, a likely source for some styles of Akzidenz-Grotesk is Berthold's 1897 purchase of the Bauer Foundry of Stuttgart (not to be confused with the much better-known Bauer Type Foundry of Frankfurt); Kupferschmid concludes that the design appears to be related to a shadowed sans-serif ('Schattierte Grotesk') sold by the Bauer Foundry and reviewed in a printing journal in 1896, and confusion may have occurred with fonts held by Berthold that the Theinhardt foundry licensed.[30][33][34][25][25][20][35][36] Some early adverts that present Akzidenz-Grotesk are co-signed by both brands.[37][35][38] Dan Reynolds additionally suggests that the name Akzidenz-Grotesk may have been intended as a brand extension following on from an 'Accidenz-Gothisch' blackletter face sold by the Bauer & Co. foundry.[39]
The light weight of Akzidenz-Grotesk was for many years branded separately as 'Royal-Grotesk'; it was reported in the post-war period that it this referred to it being commissioned by the Prussian Academy of Sciences, but Kupferschmid again reports being unable to find it used in its publications.[25] It apparently was cut by Berthold around 1902-3, when it was announced in a trade periodical as âa new, quite usable typefaceâ and advertised as having matching dimensions allowing it to be combined with the regular weight of Akzidenz-Grotesk.[25][40][18][24] Reynolds has documented the schmalhalbett (semi-bold condensed) weight to have originated as a family sold by many German type-foundries without a known origin.[41]
A German banknote from 1918, showing Akzidenz-Grotesk or a similar typeface.
Many other grotesques in a similar style to Akzidenz-Grotesk were sold in Germany during this period. https://famousyellow.weebly.com/mp3-music-download-free-mac.html. Around the beginning of the twentieth century, these increasingly began to be branded as larger families of multiple matched styles. Its competitors included the very popular Venus-Grotesk of the Bauer foundry of Frankfurt, very similar to Akzidenz-Grotesk but with high-waisted capitals, and Koralle by Schelter & Giesecke, which has a single-storey 'a'.[42][43][44][c] (Monotype Grotesque also is based on German typefaces of this period.[11]) Seeman's Handbuch der Schriftarten illustrates the wide range of sans-serif typefaces on sale in Germany by the time of its publication in 1926.[24] By around 1911, Berthold had begun to market Akzidenz-Grotesk as a complete family.[46][25][35]
While apparently not unpopular, Akzidenz-Grotesk was not among the most intensively-marketed typefaces of the period, and was not even particularly aggressively marketed by Berthold.[16] A 1921 Berthold specimen and company history almost apologetically described it in this way: 'In 1898 Accidenz-Grotesk was created, which has earned a laurel wreath of fame for itself. This old typeface, which these days one would perhaps make in a more modern style, has a peculiar life in its own way which would probably be lost if it were to be altered. All the many imitations of Accidenz-Grotesk have not matched its character.'[5] An unusual user of Berthold's Akzidenz-Grotesk in the period soon after its release, however, was the poet Stefan George.[47] He commissioned a custom version with some uncial-style alternate characters to print his poetry.[48][49][50]
Mid-twentieth-century use[edit]
A 1969 poster exemplifying the trend of the 1950s and 60s: solid red colour, simplified images and the use of a grotesque face. This design, by Robert Geisser, appears to use Helvetica.
A 1959 poster by Armin Hofmann.
Dies irae english download. The use of Akzidenz-Grotesk and similar 'grotesque' typefaces dipped from the late 1920s due to the arrival of fashionable new 'geometric' sans-serifs such as Erbar, Futura and Kabel, based on the proportions of the circle and square. Berthold released its own family in this style, Berthold-Grotesk.[d]
However, during this period there was increasing interest in using sans-serifs as capturing the spirit of the time, most famously, Jan Tschichold's influential book Die Neue Typographie, which praised the aesthetic qualities of the 'anonymous' sans-serifs of the nineteenth century and was printed in a sans-serif similar to Berthold's Akzidenz-Grotesk.[54][11][e] Its comments would prove influential in later graphic design:
Among all the types that are available, the so-called âGrotesque'â¦is the only one in spiritual accordance with our time. The ultimate dodge mod download. To proclaim sans-serif as the typeface of our time is not a question of being fashionable, it really does express the same tendencies to be seen in our architectureâ¦there is no doubt that the sans-serif types available today are not yet wholly satisfactory as all-purpose faces. The essential characteristics of this type have not been fully worked out: the lower-case letters especially are still too like their âhumanisticâ counterparts. Most of them, in particular the newest designs such as Erbar and Kabel, are inferior to the old anonymous sans-serifs, and have modifications which place them basically in line with the rest of the âartâ faces. As bread-and-butter faces they are less good than the old sans facesâ¦I find the best face in use today is the so-called ordinary jobbing sanserif, which is quiet and easy to read.[55]
In the post-war period and particularly in Switzerland a revival in Akzidenz-Grotesk's popularity took hold, in what became known as the 'Swiss International Style' of graphic design. This style often contrasted Akzidenz-Grotesk with photographic art, and did not use all caps as much as many older posters.[56] Graphic designers of this style such as Karl Gerstner found the sans-serifs of the nineteenth-century more 'neutral' and even than the more 'personal' recent sans-serifs of the previous decades.[16][17] Eskilson's Graphic Design: A New History comments that they 'conveyed the functionalist ethos without appearing too stylised.in the manner of the more geometrically pure types.'[56]
The arrival of Akzidenz-Grotesk for hot metal typesetting composition was an illustration of the renaissance of popularity for grotesque sans-serifs in the late 1950s.[57]
Akzidenz-Grotesk was popular in this period although other typefaces such as Monotype Grotesque were used also: a problem with use of Akzidenz-Grotesk up to the late 1950s was that it was only available in foundry type for handsetting. While this was acceptable for posters, by the 1950s hot metal typesetting machines had become the main system for printing general-purpose body text, and for this system Akzidenz-Grotesk was unavailable until around 1958,[f] when it was first sold on Linotype and then in 1960 on Intertype systems.[57][59] Much printing around this time of body text accordingly used Monotype Grotesque as a lookalike.[60][61][62][45] In the United States, Akzidenz-Grotesk was imported by Amsterdam Continental Types under the name 'Standard', and became quite popular. According to Paul Shaw, 'exactly when Amsterdam Continental began importing Standard is unclear but it appears on several record album covers as early as 1957.'[63][64][65]
In 1957, three notable competitors of Akzidenz-Grotesk appeared intended to compete with its growing popularity: Helvetica from the Haas foundry, with a very high x-height and a strong image with tight letterspacing, Univers from Deberny & Peignot, with a large range of weights and widths, and Folio from Bauer.[59]Paul Shaw suggests that Helvetica 'began to muscle out' Akzidenz-Grotesk in New York from around summer 1965, when Amsterdam Continental's marketing stopped pushing Standard strongly and began to focus on Helvetica instead.[9]
Vcds software for mac. By the 1960s, Berthold could claim in its type specimens that Akzidenz-Grotesk was:
a type series which has proved itself in practice for more than 70 years and has held its ground to the present day against all comers.wherever one sees graphics and advertising of an international standard.starting a revival in Switzerland in recent years, Akzidenz-Grotesk has progressed all over the world and impressed its image in the typography of our time.[10][66]
Post-metal releases[edit]
With the end of mass use of metal type, Akzidenz-Grotesk has been rereleased and adapted in versions for the new phototypesetting and digital technologies.
Contemporary versions of Akzidenz-Grotesk descend from a late-1950s project, directed by Günter Gerhard Lange at Berthold, to enlarge the typeface family. This added new styles including AG Extra (1958),[67] AG Extra Bold (1966) and AG Super (1968), AG Super Italic (2001) and Extra Bold italic (2001).[68]
Separately, Karl Gerstner and other designers at his company GGK Basel launched a project in the 1960s to build Akzidenz-Grotesk into a coherent series, to match the new families appearing in the same style; it was used by Berthold for its Diatype system in the late 60s under the name of 'Gerstner-Programm' but according to Lange it was never fully released.[16][17][69][26] A digitisation has been released by the digital type foundry Forgotten Shapes.[70]Best essay writing apps for mac.
https://jszcch.weebly.com/mac-hard-drive-cleaner-freeware.html. The current holder of the Berthold rights is Berthold Types of Chicago, following the bankruptcy of H. Berthold AG of Germany in 1993.[71][72] Berthold released Akzidenz-Grotesk in OpenType format in 2006, under the name Akzidenz-Grotesk Pro, and added matching Cyrillic and Greek characters the next year.[73][74] Unofficial digitisations have been made by other companies under alternative names.
Distinctive characteristics[edit]
The letterforms of Akzidenz-Grotesk show a âfolded-upâ structure with narrow apertures, similar to Didone serif typefaces popular in Europe at the time, such as the work of Justus-Erich Walbaum.[g]Frutiger, a design intended for maximum legibility, shows a much more open design. Twentieth-century neo-grotesques such as Helvetica intensify the effect by making almost all terminals horizontal or vertical.[16][17]
Characteristics of this typeface are:
lower case:A 'folded-up' structure with narrow apertures and strokes curled up towards the vertical, most obvious on letters such as c, e, s and a. Stroke endings are though less consistently horizontal or vertical than in Helvetica. A square dot over the letter i. Double-storey a, single-storey g.
upper case:G with a vertical spur. A dropped horizontal stroke on A. The capitals are wide and have relatively little variation in width, with letters like 'E' and 'F' quite wide.[6] The 'M' is straight-sided with the diagonals meeting in the bottom centre of the letter. Capitals in several weights have very noticeably thicker strokes than the lower-case.[75][76] On many but not all styles a straight leg on the 'R' and a 'Q' where the outstroke does not cut through the letter.
number:A top serif on the 1 and in some styles a downward-pointing serif on the top left of the 7.
Like most grotesque sans-serifs, Akzidenz-Grotesk's slanted form is an oblique rather than a true italic. This means that the letters are slanted without using handwriting forms.[12] It is important to note, however, that many weights of Akzidenz-Grotesk in the metal type period did not have sloped forms, and as the weights and sizes of Akzidenz-Grotesk were cut separately not all these features will appear on all styles.[10]
Versions[edit]Metal type versions[edit]
Popular for poster setting, Akzidenz-Grotesk's bold weight has always been one of the best-known members of the family.
Berthold's Akzidenz-Grotesk family by the late metal type period included, with German names:
Akzidenz-Grotesk had several condensed weights in the metal type period, such as this condensed bold.
With its four-terminal 'w', Akzidenz-Grotesk Skelett (Extralight Extended) was one of the most divergent and least popular members of the family in the metal type period.
Other weights were added by the time of the phototypesetting and digital versions, such as the ultra-bold 'Akzidenz-Grotesk Super'.
Akzidenz-Grotesk Book[edit]
Akzidenz-Grotesk Book is a variant designed by Günter Gerhard Lange between 1969 and 1973. Designed after Helvetica had become popular, it incorporates some of its features, such as strike-through tail in 'Q', a curved tail for the 'R', horizontal and vertical cut stroke terminators.[78] As in some Helvetica versions, the cedilla is replaced with a comma.[79]Erik Spiekermann has described it as Berthold's 'answer to Helvetica.'[80]
Digital versions included Greek and Cyrillic characters, and the family includes a condensed, extended, rounded and stencil series.[81][82]
Akzidenz-Grotesk Schulbuch[edit]![]()
Akzidenz-Grotesk Schulbuch, showing its unusual capital 'i'.
Akzidenz-Grotesk Schulbuch (Schoolbook) is a variant of Akzidenz-Grotesk Buch designed by Günter Gerhard Lange in 1983. It uses schoolbook characters, characters intended to be more distinct and closer to handwritten forms to be easier for children to recognise. Mac os yosemite virtualbox download.
Generally based on Akzidenz-Grotesk Book, it includes a single-storey 'a', curled 'l', lower- and upper-case 'k' that are symmetrical, and 't', 'u' and 'y' without curls on the base. The 'J' has a top bar, the 'M' centre does not descend to the baseline and the 'G' and 'R' are simplified in the manner of Futura. A particularly striking feature is a blackletter-style default upper-case 'i' with a curl at the bottom: this is rarely encountered in the English-speaking world (it would more commonly be recognized as a J), but much more common in Germany.[83][84]
Each weight is available in two fonts featuring alternative designs. In 2008, OpenType Pro versions of the fonts were released. FontFont's FF Schulbuch family is in a similar style.[84]
Akzidenz-Grotesk Old Face[edit]
Sample image of Akzidenz-Grotesk Old Face, a phototypesetting version of Akzidenz-Grotesk intended to incorporate more of the original inconsistencies and different x-heights of the metal type.
Akzidenz-Grotesk Old Face is a variant designed by Günter Gerhard Lange in 1984, intended to be more true to the metal type than previous phototypesetting versions and incorporate more of the original type's inconsistencies of dimensions such as x-height.[85] It also incorporates a comma-style cedilla in the medium and bold weights, inward hook in regular-weighted Ã, and a shortened horizontal serif on the regular-weighted 1.[86]
Regular, medium, bold, outline, bold outline and shaded styles were made for the family, but no obliques.[86][85]
Akzidenz Grotesk Download FamilyAkzidenz-Grotesk Next[edit]
In December 2006, Berthold announced the release of Akzidenz-Grotesk Next.[87] Designed by Bernd Möllenstädt and Dieter Hofrichter, this typeface family features readjusted x-heights and weights throughout the family, giving a more consistent design. The family consists of 14 variants with 7 weights in roman and italic, in a single width.
Similarities to other typefaces[edit]
Comparison of distinguishing characters in Akzidenz-Grotesk, Folio, Helvetica, and Univers 55.
The regular weight of Akzidenz-Grotesk had a lower x-height than Helvetica.
Several other type designers modelled typefaces from this popular typeface. Max Miedinger at the Haas Foundry used it as a model for the typeface Neue Haas-Grotesk, released in 1957 and renamed Helvetica in 1961. Miedinger sought to refine the typeface making it more even and unified, with a higher x-height and tighter spacing.[59] Two other releases from 1957, Adrian Frutiger'sUnivers and Bauer and Baum's Folio, take inspiration from Akzidenz-Grotesk.
Akzidenz-Grotesk is sometimes at first glance mistaken for the Helvetica or Univers typefaces. The similarities of Helvetica and Akzidenz-Grotesk are apparent, but the subtle differences include the uppercase and lowercaseC and the uppercase G, J, R and Q. Aside from the subtle differences in these individual letters, Miedinger's primary change to Akzidenz-Grotesk is Helvetica's higher x-height, the distance from the baseline to the height of the lowercase letter x, and the consistently horizontal terminals. The general effect is that Helvetica appears more oblong while Akzidenz-Grotesk maintains circular counters and bowls. Both Helvetica and Univers are more regular and have a greater consistency of stroke weight and details, for instance unifying all or most strokes to terminate on horizontals or verticals.
Much more loosely, Transport, the typeface used on British road signs, was designed by Jock Kinneir and Margaret Calvert influenced by Akzidenz-Grotesk.[88] However, many adaptations and letters influenced by other typefaces were incorporated to increase legibility and make characters more distinct.[89][90]
'Akzidenz-Grotesk' (Haas)[edit]
A completely different 'Akzidenz-Grotesk' was made by the Haas Type Foundry of Switzerland. Also named 'Accidenz-Grotesk' and 'Normal-Grotesk', it had a more condensed, 'boxy' design.[56][59] Google traduction. Indra Kupferschmid, an expert on German and Swiss printing history, describes it as a âreworking of âNeue Moderne Groteskâ, originally ca. 1909 by Wagner & Schmidt, Leipzig. Initially issued by Haas under the name âAccidenz-Groteskâ, later spelled âAkzidenz-Groteskâ but 1943 revised and renamed âNormal-Groteskâ to prevent confusion with Berthold's Akzidenz-Grotesk.â[91][92] The Haas Foundry created Helvetica (then called âNeue Haas Groteskâ) due to its decline in popularity in competition with Berthold's design.[56]
Alternative digitisations[edit]
As typeface designs are generally not legally protected (unlike their names, which can be trademarked),[93] several alternative digitisations inspired by Akzidenz-Grotesk have been released under alternative names. The Swiss digital type foundry Optimo has released an alternative digitisation of Akzidenz-Grotesk named 'Theinhardt'.[94]Erik Spiekermann has praised this as 'the best' Akzidenz-Grotesk digitisation.[95]Linotype, which started to sell Akzidenz-Grotesk on its hot metal typesetting system in the 1950s, continues to sell a limited digital version under the other common alternative name, 'Basic Commercial', and Bitstream offer a two-weight version named 'Gothic 725'.[96][97] A proprietary digitisation named NYC Sans, by Nick Sherman and Jeremy Mickel, is the corporate font of New York City's tourist board NYC & Company.[98][99][100][101] Transport has also been digitised in several versions.[102][88] The American publisher CastleType has released a digitisation originally created for San Francisco Focus magazine.[103] Spiekermann has also released with Ralph du Carrois a very loose digitisation of Akzidenz Grotesk, FF Real, in two optical sizes, with variant features like a two-storey 'g', ligatures, and a true italic.[104][105]
Notable users[edit]
The cover of Josef Müller-Brockmann's 1961 book The Graphic Artist and His Design Problems used Akzidenz-Grotesk. It was replaced with Helvetica in later editions. Late in life Müller-Brockmann commented 'I have come to value Akzidenz Grotesk more than its successors Helvetica and Univers. It is more expressive and its formal foundations are more universal.'[106]
Akzidenz-Grotesk and Georgia are the official fonts of the American Red Cross. Akzidenz-Grotesk is used on the national logo and national guidelines require the font to be used on all chapter logos. All American Red Cross publications must be printed in Akzidenz-Grotesk or Georgia fonts.[107]
Akzidenz-Grotesk is also the font used in Arizona State University's brand logo;[108] in extra bold italic form, used in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for the driver's surname placed on the windshield of the race cars; and in light condensed form, used in the Brooklyn Nets' logo. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Akzidenz-Grotesk was used heavily on The Weather Channel's on-screen graphics. Volvo Group uses a typeface similar to Akzidenz-Grotesk, known as Volvo Sans.[citation needed] Japanese automobile manufacturer Nissan used Akzidenz-Grotesk for corporate identity from 2001 to 2016.[citation needed]
Berthold sued Target Corporation for copyright infringement and breach of contract in 2017, alleging that Target had asked a design firm to use the font in a promotional video without a license.[109]
See also[edit]Notes[edit]Akzidenz Grotesk Download
References[edit]Akzidenz Grotesk Download Cyrillic Free
External links[edit]
Download Akzidenz Grotesk Font
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